The management of indeterminate pulmonary lesions increasingly has become an especially interesting topic as a consequence of several factors: renewed interest in lung cancer screening, the increased incidence of ground glass opacities, particularly amongst the younger non-smoking population, along with the advances in the molecular and technical aspects of the field resulting in changes in the diagnostic and treatment strategies that are now available. This special issue aims to provide an update and address some of the controversies relating to these topics.