Gender differences in cardiovascular risk factors in patients with coronary artery disease and those with type 2 diabetes

The incidence of cardiovascular disease is known to be higher in men than in women of similar age, and this gender difference is more prominent at a younger age (1) and is partly explained by protective effects of sex hormones (2). On the other hand, female patients with coronary artery disease have been reported to be more likely to have a worse cardiovascular risk factor profile (3,4).