Hippo pathway as another oncogenic mediator to promote immune evasion by PD-L1 signaling

The programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 and programed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) based immunotherapeutic agent is a cornerstone for the treatment of cancer. The expression of PD-L1 was developed as a biomarker to predict the efficacy of anti-PD1/PD-L1 pathway based immune check point inhibitor. In addition, increased PD-L1 in tumor and tumor microenvironment could be considered as representative biomarkers for immune suppressive microenvironment.