How can we reduce the incidence of postoperative mental disorders after thoracic surgery?

The postoperative complication rate is relatively high (~30%) after thoracic surgery (1). Recently, the number of complications appears to be decreasing, based on an analysis of the Japanese nationwide annual database that showed that the rate of major postoperative complications was 5.6% in 2015 (2). However, postoperative complications remain a serious concern with regard to recovery, quality of life, length of hospital stay and medical costs.