Circulating miR-130 is a potential bio signature for early prognosis of acute myocardial infarction

Introduction

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), a global leading source of mortality, interpretation the mortality caused by coronary artery disease (CAD) (1,2). Early diagnosis of AMI is crucial for effective treatment (3). The diagnosis of AMI relies on the presenting clinical symptoms, electrocardiograms (ECGs), and levels of circulating biomarkers (4,5). As a circulating biomarker for myocardial damage, cardiac-specific troponin (cTn) levels increase rapidly as early as 4 hours after disease onset, but its clinical effectiveness is limited by the delay in the timing of troponin release (6,7). This has necessitated the search for novel biomarkers that are more specific and sensitive, and can overcome this limitation.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a gathering of domestic & small no encrypting RNAs that commands the appearance of supportive target mRNAs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 19-22 nucleotides in length, and modulate gene expression on post-arrangements extent by targeting the 3' unremitted district (3'UTR) in the organic phenomenon (8). They’ve been implicated in angiogenesis, CAD, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy, dyslipidemia, myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke (9,10). Demonstration states that extracellular circulation miRNAs are steady in body liquids, making them potential and emerging biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis. For example, in a previous study, it described that circulating miR-1 levels crucially increases the patients in AMI, and positively correlated with plasma creatine kinase (CK)-MB levels (11). It has been shown that miR-19a has higher diagnostic value than CK, CK-MB, myoglobin, high-sensitive troponin (hs-cTn), and brain natriuretic peptide (12). Similarly, miR-449 has been reported to considerably expand the indicating precision of CK-MB and cardiac troponin I (cTnI), therefore acting in a useful marker for the premature identification of AMI (13). The diagnostic and prognostic value of miR-208b in AMI has also been reported (14). The level of expression of miR-208b has been demonstrated to be significantly lower after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) than on admission. However, its level is materially elevated in AMI patients along left ventricular remodeling in comparison without left ventricular remodeling after PCI. MiR-130 has been shown to aggravate AMI-induced myocardial injury in H9c2 cells by directly targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) (15). Therefore, this study investigated the diagnostic value of miR-130 in patients with AMI. We present the following article in accordance with the STARD reporting checklist (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd-20-3207).

Methods

Materials

Trizol reagent attained from Invitrogen (USA). Commanding Script II 1st strand cDNA integrate tools and SYBR Premix ExTaq kits, all brought by Takara (China). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were products of Roche (Switzerland), while ABI PRISM 7500 sequence detection system was purchased from Applied Biosystems (China).

Patients and general information

Patients with AMI who received PCI (n=80) were recruited over a 2 years period for this study. The analytic criteria were created on the universal definition of myocardial infarction mutually recognized by the the American Heart Association, the European Society of Cardiology, World Heart Federation and the American College of Cardiology Foundation (16). Patients with chronic kidney and/or liver diseases are excluded from the study. The control group comprised 40 healthy individuals. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). The study protocol was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, China. The patients signed written informed consent with their family members.

Blood sample collection and preparation of plasma

Peripheral venous blood (10 mL) was drawn from the patients in EDTA tubes at different time points: 0 hours on admission and 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the onset of AMI. At 3,000 rpm the blood was centrifuged 4 degree centigrade for 10 minutes to get plasma. Aliquots of the plasma (200 µL) were immediately used for DNA extraction, or kept at −80 degree centigrade before usage.

Quantitative back arrangement polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)

The level of expression of miR-130 was determined using qRT-PCR. To draw out entire RNA from plasma samples from each group, Trizol RNA extraction reagent suited. According to the manufacturers, instructions performing the combining reaction cDNA, combination kit optimized. Light Cycler 1536 RT-PCR noticing structure was adapted for measuring the expression level of miR-130. Variation in the cDNA content was normalized using glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).

The qRT-PCR reaction conditions were: pre-denaturation at 95 °C for 5 min, PCR reaction at 95 °C for 5 sec and 60 °C for 30 sec, and a total of 40 cycles. (20 µL) consisted of 6.4 µL of dH2O, 1.6 µL of gene-specific primer (10 µM), 2 µL of synthesized cDNA, and 10 µL of SYBR Premix Ex Taq™ II in the PCR reaction mixture. 2^-ΔΔCt method was set to compute comparative declaration. & the Ct value of U6 was set as the inner reference.

Determining plasma levels cTnI and CK-MB

Plasma CK-MB & cTnI levels were determined using their respective ELISA kits.

Determination of diagnostic value of miR-130

Diagnostic performance of miR-130 was measured using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Arithmetical examination

Statistical analysis performed using SPSS (19.0). Data expressed as mean ± SD. Classifications differentiated using a Chi-squared trial. Correlation analysis carried out by using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Arithmetical importance was presume at P<0.05.

Results

Clinicopathological characteristics of patients

No significant distinction in patients’ clinic pathological attribute between the two categories (P<0.05; Table 1).

Table 1 Clinicopathological characteristics of patients
Full table

Level of expression of miR-130 in plasma

As we can see in Figure 1, the expression extent of miR-130 is seriously elevated in the AMI classification of patients compared to the control group (P<0.05). MiR-130 expression peaked 6 hours after disease onset.

Figure 1 Level of expression of miR-130 in patient plasma. *, P<0.05, in contrast with power grouping.

Plasma cTnI levels in AMI and control patients

Plasma cTnI levels are noticeably uplifted in the AMI class than in the control category (P<0.05). The levels of cTnI peaked 12 hours after disease onset. These results as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 Plasma cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and control patients. *, P<0.05, in contrast with power grouping.

Plasma CK-MB levels in AMI and control patients

Plasma CK-MB levels are remarkably going higher in the AMI group in comparison with the control grouping (P<0.05), and levels peaked 12 hours after disease onset (Figure 3).

Figure 3 Plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK)-MB amount in cardiac infarction & control cases. *, P<0.05, in contrast with control grouping.

Correlation between miR-130, cTnI, and CK-MB levels

As we can find in Figure 4. The assertion amount of miR-130 6 hours after disease onset was positively correlate with cTnI and CK-MB levels 12 hours after onset.

Figure 4 Correlation between miR-130 (6 hours after disease onset) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (12 hours after onset), creatine kinase (CK)-MB (12 hours after onset) levels in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients.

Diagnostic value of miR-130 in AMI patients

The optimal cut-off point for miR-130 in peripheral blood, sensitivity, and specificity were 1.58 ng/mL, 82.5% and 77.5%, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.922 (Figure 5).

Figure 5 The diagnostic value of miR-130 in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients.

Discussion

When arteries to the heart muscle interrupted, acute myocardial infarction becomes a hazardous situation, originate harm to the tissues. Typically blockage in one or more of the coronary vessels. Indications include fatigue, lightheadedness, abnormal heartbeat, anxiety, as well as chest cramp or heartburn & agony in back, arms or neck. Males has fewer chances than female for unusual prodrome.

The regimen covers medication & lifestyle changes. Cardiac rehabilitation, bypass surgery & stents. AMI is predominantly caused by CAD. The probability elements incorporate soaring arterial pressure, Diabetic ketoacidosis, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, heaviness, soaring arterial dietary fat, immoderate liquor depletion & imperfect edibles. Absolute obstruction of a cardiac vessel due to severance in atherosclerotic plaque is normally the fundamental appliance in AMI.

MiRNAs are complicated in carrying over synchronization of mRNAs. MiRNA gene are demonstrated as centrally reproduction (pri-miRNA) that is eventually prepared to grownup miRNAs through forerunner miRNAs (pre-miRNA). The adult miRNAs form incomplete nucleotide named bud go with selected mRNAs at 3’UTR of selected gene (17). MiRNAs have been identified as attractive targets for therapeutic intervention in cardiac pathologies, but the underlying mechanism of miRNAs in AMI remains largely unknown. The miRNA-130 gene is located on chromosome 11q12.1. Its action is mediated by bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), a component of the FGF8 signaling pathway (17). The expression of miR-130 is downregulated in obese hearts, suggestive of a role in ischemia-reperfusion injury or AMI (18). The dysregulation of miR-130 in macrovesicles is associated with cardiovascular events in patients with CAD (19). MiRNA-130 has also been shown to promote hypoxia-induced smooth muscle cell proliferation, thereby contributing to vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy (20). Recent studies have shown that miR-130 expression is significantly upregulated thereafter-remaining preceding dropping coronary tubal sterilization. In H9c2 cells, miR-130 aggravates AMI-induced injury by targeting PPAR-γ (15). This study investigated the diagnostic value of miR-130 in patients with AMI. The results showed that miR-130 was significantly upregulated in AMI, indicating potential as a biomarker for the disease.

The usual biochemical markers for AMI are cTnI, cTnT, CK-MB, and myoglobin (21). However, their clinical applications for the early diagnosis of AMI have produced unsatisfactory results. Both cTnT and cTnI are heart legislative oligopeptides, which administer chemical-compound arbitrate. Relation allying myosin & actin. Particular genes code the coronary shape of these legislative peptides. That has the latent of being distinctive to the cardiac muscle. In particular, cTnI is extensively used in diagnosis of AMI (7). The enzyme CK-MB is one of the isoforms of CK. It is derived from the myocardium, and serves as a key diagnostic index in patients with AMI (22,23). The circulating levels of cTnI and CK-MB are elevated 3 to 6 hours after AMI onset, and return to normal after 3 to 4 days, and 11 to 14 days after onset, respectively (24). In this study, the levels of cTnI & CK-MB betide markedly elevated the (acute myocardial infarction) group, less than the control group, and peaked 12 hours after disease onset. The expression level in miR-130 has also seriously upregulated in AMI class, relative to administer classification & the levels peaked 6 hours after AMI onset. The circulating levels of miR-130 peaked earlier relatively cTnI and CK-MB, an indication that miR-130 could be useful for earlier detection in AMI. Therefore, consequences of this investigation suggest that circulating miR-130 levels may increase the diagnostic accuracy of cTnI and CK-MB, & may set out a useful guide towards earlier detection in AMI.

Conclusions

Circulating miR-130 holds great promise as an effective biomarker for the early diagnosis of AMI.

Acknowledgments

Funding: This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81500204).

Footnote

Reporting Checklist: The authors have completed the STARD reporting checklist. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd-20-3207

Data Sharing Statement: Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd-20-3207

Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd-20-3207). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Ethical Statement: The authors are accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). The study protocol was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, China. The patients signed written informed consent with their family members.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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(English Language Editor: C. Betlazar-Maseh)