Genetic variation of the natural killer gene complex has a role in lung cancer susceptibility

Worldwide estimates indicate lung cancer is the leading cause of death among all cancers, while also being the most frequently diagnosed of new cancer cases (1). Non-small cell lung carcinoma is the most frequent subtype. Exposure to environmental carcinogens, such as radon and tobacco inhalation, is a major risk factor for developing lung cancer. Familial heredity also increases an individual’s risk, although the impact of genetic factors on the development of lung cancer remains unclear, especially within the context of immune response. Innate and adaptive immune systems may inhibit or enhance carcinogenesis depending on the recruitment of specific immunocompetent cells (2).