Severe aortic regurgitation and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection in a Turner syndrome patient

Turner syndrome (TS) is one of the most common sex chromosome diseases. Short stature (if untreated) and ovarian dysgenesis (streak ovary) are two typical clinical manifestations of these patients. A variety of cardiovascular abnormalities has been found associated with TS. We report a 29-year-old TS patient with severe aortic regurgitation, bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC). We discuss the diagnostic and surgical management of cardiovascular complications in TS patients.