Five factors and three characteristics of coronary in-stent restenosis

In the field of interventional cardiology, several patient subsets still present with poor clinical and angiographic outcomes after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. The author of this editorial comment supports the idea that in-stent restenosis (ISR) includes three characteristics (severity and extent of stenosis, and tissue characteristics) that are caused by five factors (device, patient, anatomy, procedure, and history). To reduce further revascularization, a tailor-made strategy may be considered in accordance with the factors and characteristics of the individual ISR lesion.